道德语言 pdf 夸克云 tct umd 下载 2025 azw3 kindle

《道德语言》一书在现代西方伦理学，特别是现代元伦理学的发展进程中，确乎享有关键性的学术地位。为了使读者能够更好地了解本书，进而深入了解现代西方元伦理学的递嬗演变，译者拟就黑尔教授有关道德语言学方面的理论观点作为一简略导述，以求抛砾石引玉璞。《道德语言》一书，基本上代表了黑尔伦理思想的主要方面。黑尔不单就价值语言和道德语言以及它们的使用“语境”分析了道德语言、道德言谈或谈论秘具有的描述性与评价性双重特征，而且还就历史文化和教育学等方面分析了这特征的相关变化。

前言

再版前言

第一部分 祈使语气

一、规定语言

二、祈使句与逻辑

三、推论

四、原则决定

第二部分 “善”

五、“自然主义”

六、意义与标准

七、描述与评价

八、赞许与选择

九、道德语境中的“善”

第三部分 “应当”

十、“应当”与“正当”

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…if moral language belongs to the genus ‘prescriptive language’, we shall most easily understand its nature if we compare and contrast first of all prescriptive language with other sorts of language, and then moral language with other sorts of prescriptive language.

I shall therefore follow the grammarians and use the single term ‘command’ to cover all these sorts of thing that sentences in the imperative mood express, and within the class of commands make only some very broad distincti***. For the same reason I shall use the word ‘statement’ to cove***hatever is expressed by typical indicative sentences, if there be such.

Thus we may characterize provisionally the difference between statements and commands by saying that, whereas sincerely assenting to the former involves believing something, sincerely assenting to the latter involves (on the appropriate occasion and if it is within our power), doing something.

A sentence P entails a sentence Q if and only if the fact that a person assents to P but dissents from Q is a sufficient criterion for saying that he has misunderstood one or other of the sentences.

(1) No indicative conclusion can be validly drawn from a set of premisses which cannot be validly drawn from the indicatives among them alone.

(2) No imperative conclusion can be validly drawn from a set of premisses which does not contain at least one imperative.

书籍介绍

《道德语言》一书在现代西方伦理学，特别是现代元伦理学的发展进程中，确乎享有关键性的学术地位。为了使读者能够更好地了解本书，进而深入了解现代西方元伦理学的递嬗演变，译者拟就黑尔教授有关道德语言学方面的理论观点作为一简略导述，以求抛砾石引玉璞。《道德语言》一书，基本上代表了黑尔伦理思想的主要方面。黑尔不单就价值语言和道德语言以及它们的使用“语境”分析了道德语言、道德言谈或谈论秘具有的描述性与评价性双重特征，而且还就历史文化和教育学等方面分析了这特征的相关变化。